Transfer pricing concept has gained immense importance over the past few years. Rules and methods used for pricing of transactions among endeavors under common control are generally the basis forming transfer pricing. Transfer pricing has gained importance in diverse business enterprises because of requirement of reporting of financial information by segment and related party transactions as focused in the International Accounting Standard (IAS 14 & IAS 24) and Accounting Standard (AS 17 & AS 18).
Concept of transfer pricing
Transfer pricing on the whole cite to prices of transactions between associated enterprises which may be carried out under conditions different from those taking place between independent enterprises. Transfer pricing refers to the value attached to transfer of goods, services and technology between related enterprises or entities. Transfer pricing provisions are relevant for international transactions as well as domestic transactions between associated enterprises.
Transfer pricing can be used as a profit allocation method to ascribe a multinational corporation’s net profit (loss) before tax to countries where it does business. It is a major tool for corporate tax avoidance also cited as Base Erosion and Profit Sharing (BEPS).
International transactions concept
As per section 92B (1) of Income Tax Act 1961 (“Act”), international transactions are referred as the transactions between two or more associated enterprises, either or both of whom being non-residents.
Specified domestic transactions concept
Certain domestic transactions with related parties within Indian borders are termed as specified domestic transactions as coming under the purview of Finance Act, 2012. It promulgates that revenue arising from specified domestic transactions as well as any allowance for an expenditure, allocation or interest of any cost or expense arising from a specified domestic transaction shall be conditioned with reference to the arm’s-length price.
Indian scenario on transfer pricing:
Transfer pricing has its participation in Income Tax Act 1961 with its introduction to the Finance Bill on 2001, the Finance Minister explained the importance of transfer pricing as under –
“The increasing participation of multinational groups in economic activities has given rise to new and complex issues rising from transactions entered into between two or more enterprises belonging to same multinational group. The profits derived by such enterprises carrying on business in India can be controlled by multinational groups by manipulating the prices charged and paid in such intra group transactions, thereby leading to erosion of tax revenue. With a view to provide statutory framework which can lead to computation of reasonable, fair and equitable profits as well as taxes in India in the case of such multinational enterprises, new provisions are proposed to be introduced in the Income Tax Act”
The government has notified transfer pricing guidelines under section 92 of the Income Tax Act 1961; vide notification dated 21st August, 2001 which deals with various aspects of transfer pricing.
Transfer pricing amendments
Transfer pricing as defined earlier, was introduced in year 2001 in Income Tax Act. Today, from 2001 – 2018 amendments played a major role related to changes in the concept of transfer pricing. Latest updates or amendments that made transfer pricing alter current field of vision were made by government of India while announcing the union budget of year 2017 and 2018. From the perspective of transfer pricing, the budget proposed as well as brought certain amendments with respect to:
Information pertaining to this blog includes general guidelines, latest amendments in transfer pricing and its impact on economy. However, the details are complicated and require an expert in this field to assist you in complying with all the provisions. We have a team, proficient in this domain which can assist you in transfer pricing certification, complying with rules and requirements of tax authorities’, tax structuring, international taxation and withholding tax treaty issues, providing reports on industry analysis and its review, preparation of transfer pricing documentation or transfer pricing study, representation for tax audit as well as tax litigation.
For detailed discussion on transfer pricing aspects, you may visit Transfer pricing law in India, Domestic transfer pricing, Transfer pricing made easy with APAs, Transfer pricing: Introduction to Country-by-Country report (CbCR).
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